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Graham Hawkes (born 23 December 1947)〔Times-News, "Graham Hawkes Is Racing To Ocean's Bottom", ''5 September 1993'', NYT Regional Newspapers〕 is a London-born marine engineer and submarine designer.〔BBC News, ("'Flying' submarines plumb hidden depths" ), Peter Day, ''7 September 2010'' (accessed 12 September 2010)〕 Through the 1980s and 1990s, Hawkes designed 70% of the manned submersibles produced in those two decades.〔SF Weekly, ("36,000 Feet Under the Sea" ), Lisa Davis, ''10 June 1998'' (accessed 12 September 2010)〕 As late as 2007, he held the world solo dive record of 〔ANSYS Advantage, "Taking Next-Generation Submersibles to New Depths", A. Wright, Volume 1, Issue 1, ''2007'' () (accessed 12 September 2010)〕 in the submarine Deep Rover.〔 Hawkes invented the first robotic machine gun,〔Popular Science, "The Idea Man: Lethal robots? Who thinks up this stuff? Graham Hawkes, that's who", May 2005〕 the ''Telepresent Rapid Aiming Platform'' (TRAP), the first weapon he designed. He had been inspired to create a safer way for police to deal with situations after watching a shootout in North Hollywood, Los Angeles on television.〔 ==Career== In 1976, in association with OSEL of Great Yarmouth, UK, Hawkes designed the one-atmosphere deep diving suit Wasp.〔Littler & Littler, p. 242〕〔 Marine Technology Society Journal, "The Coevolution of Undersea Vehicles and Deep-Sea Research", Bruce H. Robison, Volume 33, Number 4, 1999-2000, pp. 65–73 , 〕 Two years later, he designed the one-man microsubmersible Mantis, which included remote manipulator arms.〔Littler & Littler, p. 243〕 A Mantis sub was used in the James Bond film "For Your Eyes Only",〔 which he himself piloted in a large tank at the Pinewood Studios, UK.〔 File:WASP_at_the_OSEL_Testing_tank_Gt_Yarmouth,_UK.JPG File:Mantis_at_the_OSEL_Testing_tank_Gt_Yarmouth,_UK.jpg Hawkes founded the San Leandro based firm, Deep Ocean Engineering (DOE), in 1981 with Sylvia Earle, his wife from 1986 to 1992.〔〔〔〔Sea Technology, "Deep Ocean Engineering, Inc. -- a better underwater mousetrap", Vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 41–45. ''1991'', D.M. Graham〕 DOE has produced over 300 ROVs.〔 By 1982, he had completed the ''Challenger'' submersible, capable of diving .〔 In 1981, he designed the first of the Deep Rover-series of 1- and 2-man submersibles.〔〔Littler & Littler, p. 245〕 A Deep Rover submarine was used in the 3-D IMAX film "Aliens of the Deep".〔 In the same year,〔Milwaukee Journal, "Deep Rover May Be Your Undersea Car", Associated Press, ''10 August 1983''〕 Hawkes founded Deep Ocean Technology (DOT) with Earle.〔Yeh, Jennifer. "Earle, Sylvia." Water:Science and Issues. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. (12 September 2010). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3409400101.html〕〔Water Encyclopedia, ("Earle, Sylvia" ), Jennifer Yeh (accessed 12 September 2010)〕〔Spartanburg Herald-Journal, "Diver, Engineer Join Forces To Study Ocean", Associated Press, ''10 January 1982''〕 In 1985, the Deep Ocean Engineering team designed and built the ''Deep Rover'' research submarine, which operates down to . An insight into his personality was provided by a scene that occurred during the sea trials of the first ''Deep Rover'' vehicle. Operating near San Nicholas Island, CA, off of a converted mudboat the R/V EGABRAG, the sub had been launched after dark with Hawkes as pilot. He had dutifully reported the descent depth every 100 meters, down to 1000 meters on the Underwater telephone (UQC). Amongst the people on the bridge of the R/V EGABRAG, were the UQC was installed were the Captain and helmsman, his then wife Sylvia Earle, a reporter, cameraman and sound man from a San Francisco TV station, the Operations Manager from CANDIVE and the Diving Safety Officer from the University of Rhode Island, Phillip Sharkey. Hawkes reported, "1000 meters." There was a quiet ripple of applause on the bridge, and the reporter took the UQC microphone. He pressed the "push to talk" button asked Hawkes, "What does it mean to you to be there, at 3000 feet?" The reporter was clearly expecting the flowery prose that Slyvia Earle was so justly famous for, but all he got from Hawkes was a clipped British, "It means my calculations were correct."〔Earle, Sylvia, "Sea Change," Putnam Adult, 1995〕 This incident, in 1985, set the world solo dive depth record in a submarine. (3000 ft/1000m off San Clemente Island on Deep Rover), which was soon repeated by Sylvia Earle, and another team member.〔New York Times, ("SCIENTIST AT WORK: Graham Hawkes; Racing to the Bottom Of the Deep, Black Sea" ), William J. Broad, 1993 August 3 (accessed 25 March 2012)〕〔Burnaby Mail, ("Her Deepness drops in and warns of growing threat to the oceans" ), Deborah Smith, 23 November 2011 (accessed 25 March 2012)〕 In 1991, he made headlines when it was briefly thought that he and his team might have found the remains of 'Flight 19', missing in the Bermuda Triangle since 1945. Hawkes left the day-to-day operations of Deep Ocean Engineering to found Hawkes Ocean Technologies (HOT), with his third wife, Karen Hawkes, in 1996.〔〔Composites World, ("Deepsea submersible incorporates composite pressure capsule" ), Sara Black, ''31 August 2010'' (accessed 12 September 2010)〕 Hawkes became the San Francisco headquartered〔The Australian, ("Aussies help director dive to bottom of deepest ocean for Avatar 2" ), John Harlow, ''13 September 2010'' (accessed 12 September 2010)〕 company's marketing manager.〔New York Daily News, ("Richard Branson's latest toy? An underwater plane called 'Necker Nymph'" ), Catey Hill, ''1 February 2010'' (accessed 12 September 2010)〕 HOT launched the Necker Nymph and DeepFlight Super Falcon which Hawkes designed.〔 Hawkes completed the design for the Deep Flight II two-person submarine in 1998.〔 In 2000, he completed the DeepFlight Aviator, the first positively buoyant submersible that relies on hydrodynamic forces on its wings for diving.〔Computer Graphics World, "Flying deep", P. Mahoney, ''March 2001'', ISSN 0271-4159〕〔New Scientist, "Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea", M Schrope, ''February 2000''〕 It was also the first research submersible to attain a speed of 10 mph underwater.〔Popular Science, "Underwater Airplane Takes Flight: Graham Hawkes is the world's first waviator", Mark Schrope, ''April 2003''〕 The first example of the type is called ''Spirit of Patrick''.〔UPI, ("In the Field: Flying beneath the sea" ), Lidia Wasowicz, ''17 March 2003'' (accessed 12 September 2010)〕 In 2008, Hawkes finished the first example of his design DeepFlight Super Falcon, which he subsequently delivered to venture capitalist Tom Perkins.〔USA Today, ("Personal submarine prepares for launch" ), Marco R. della Cava, ''7 July 2008'' (accessed 12 September 2010)〕 In 2010, the first example of his DeepFlight Merlin design was compeleted and delivered to Richard Branson. It was named the Necker Nymph〔 and is a wet submarine that is positively buoyant and utilizes hydrodynamic forces to dive.〔Luxist, ("Branson Debuts New Submarine" ), Deidre Woollard, ''30 January 2010'' (accessed 12 September 2010)〕 It is also capable of hydrobatic maneuvers.〔Daily Mail, ("What to get the man who has everything? An underwater plane of course" ), Claire Bates, ''29 January 2010'' (accessed 12 September 2010)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Graham Hawkes」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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